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26 articles on CFA Level 1 · Page 1 of 3

Level 1 Pass Rates

How Many People Sit CFA Level 1 — Candidate Numbers, Trend and Why It Dropped

Roughly 170,000–200,000 candidates register for CFA Level 1 each year — down ~40% from the 2019 peak of 280,000. The drop is mainly a China…

05 Oct 2026 Read →
Level 1 Topic Breakdown

Macaulay vs Modified vs Effective Duration (CFA): Formulas and Worked Example

Macaulay = weighted-average time to cash flows. Modified = Macaulay / (1 + YTM/m), price sensitivity per 1% yield change. Effective = scena…

05 Oct 2026 Read →
Level 1 Topic Breakdown

FIFO vs LIFO (CFA): Effects on COGS, Inventory, Ratios — and the LIFO Reserve

FIFO expenses the oldest inventory first; LIFO expenses the newest. In rising prices: LIFO means higher COGS, lower profit, lower tax, lowe…

05 Oct 2026 Read →
Level 1 Topic Breakdown

CFA Level 1 2027 Curriculum Changes: New Weights Explained

Quant nearly doubles, Ethics shrinks and four topics are renamed. What changes in the 2027 CFA Level 1 curriculum, who it affects, and how …

01 Oct 2026 Read →
Level 1 Mock Exams

CFA Level 1 Practice Questions (Free, With Answers)

Ten free CFA Level 1 practice questions covering every major topic, with worked answers and the trap each wrong option is built on.

01 Oct 2026 Read →
Level 1 Topic Breakdown

CFA Level 1 Formula Sheet: What to Memorise and What to Skip

Most CFA formula sheets list everything and prioritise nothing. This one sorts every formula into three tiers by how often it is tested and…

12 Sep 2026 Read →
Level 1 Topic Breakdown

CAPM Formula Explained: 6 Traps That Cost CFA Candidates Marks

CAPM appears in some form on virtually every CFA Level 1 exam. The formula has three inputs; the ways to get it wrong number rather more th…

12 Sep 2026 Read →
Level 1 Topic Breakdown

Sharpe vs Treynor vs Information Ratio: Which One the CFA Question Wants

Four risk-adjusted performance measures, four different denominators. Computing the right ratio for the wrong question is the most common w…

12 Sep 2026 Read →
Level 1 Topic Breakdown

NAVPS Formula CFA: Net Asset Value Per Share and the Fee Traps

NAVPS looks like the easiest formula in Alternative Investments until a question asks you to accrue fees first, apply a high-water mark, or…

12 Sep 2026 Read →
Level 1 Mock Exams

What Mock Exam Score Do You Need to Pass CFA Level 1?

Candidates ask what mock score guarantees a pass. The honest answer is that no score guarantees anything — but the trend, the conditions an…

12 Sep 2026 Read →
Level 1 Topic Breakdown

WACC Formula (CFA): The After-Tax Trap and 5 Other Ways to Lose Marks

WACC is short, appears constantly, and is one of the most reliably mis-answered calculations on CFA Level 1. Almost all of the errors are i…

12 Sep 2026 Read →
Level 1 Topic Breakdown

Put-Call Parity Explained (CFA): The One Formula Worth Memorising

Most Level 1 Derivatives questions that look like valuation problems are rearrangement problems. Put-call parity is the rearrangement.

12 Sep 2026 Read →
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